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Table of Contents |
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| Preface |
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| Introduction |
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| Reproduction in honeybees |
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| Nervous system and behavior |
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| Chosen bee organism and behaviour signalling substances |
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| Neurohormones and hormones |
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| Pheromones |
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| Mandibular gland pheromones of the honeybee queen |
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| Dispersal of queen substance among bees |
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| Mandibular gland pheromones of the honey bee worker |
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| Tergite gland pheromones |
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| Nasonov gland pheromones |
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| Tarsal (Arnhart) gland pheromones |
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| Pheromones of sting chamber area |
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| Koschevnikov gland pheromones |
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| Dufour gland pheromones |
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| Pheromones of the oviduct gland cells |
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| Rectal gland pheromones |
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| Wax gland and comb pheromones |
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| Worker brood pheromones |
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| Queen brood pheromones |
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| Drone brood and drone pheromones |
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| Laying worker pheromones |
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| Preface to the ethology of the honeybee |
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Terminology of nest abandonment behaviour by swarms of honeybees |
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| Hypothesis of natural swarming |
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| Phenomenon of adaptation |
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XIII thesis of adaptation theory of nest abandonment by honeybee swarms |
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| Main mechanisms of adaptation and stress in honey bees |
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| Manners of adaptation |
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| Examples of simple adaptation |
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| Examples of complex adaptation |
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| Sensitisation |
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| The time needed for expression of instinct |
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| The adaptive community of behavioural and exocrinal reactions |
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| Stress |
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| Distress |
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| General process of nest abandonment by swarms |
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| Natural factors causing nest abandonment by swarms |
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| Factors responsible for swarming |
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| Factors responsible for absconding |
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| Swarming process of nest abandonment |
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| Main adaptive behaviours in state of swarming stress |
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| Engorgement |
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| Clustering |
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| Whir dance |
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| Stereotypies |
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| Mechanism of stereotypy |
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| The new nest choosing mechanism |
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| Queen cell cycle as a symptom of social stress |
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| Expression of comb building instinct and new queen rearing |
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Manner of organisation of the social homeostasis in the honeybee society and process of nest abandonment by swarms |
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The genetic sensitivity of bees to stress stimuli and the process of nest abandonment by swarms |
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Physiological status of bees and nest abandonment by swarms |
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| The non-specificity of swarm stress reaction |
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The disjoining of the honeybee society in the process of natural swarming |
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| Indicators of swarm stress reaction |
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The adaptive essence of nest abandonment by swarms of honeybees |
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General system of the phenomenon of nest abandonment by honeybee swarms |
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| Migrations (seasonal absconding) |
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| Stable migrations |
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| Spontaneous migrations |
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| Typical abscondings |
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| Non-typical abscondings |
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The most important implications of the adaptive theory of nest abandonment by honeybee swarms |
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| Afterward |
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| Acknowledgments |
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| Literature cited |
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| General index |
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| Figures |
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| Photos |
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| Notes |
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| : : : : |
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